Efficacy of an intervention to improve fluency in children with developmental dyslexia in a regular orthography   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tressoldi PE  Vio C  Iozzino R 《Journal of learning disabilities》2007,40(3):203-209

The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a method to improve reading fluency in children with dyslexia. The method, which we named "subsyllabic," was aimed at automatizing the recognition of syllables within words in connected texts, presented by ad hoc software. Two versions of this method--one self-paced and the other one with automatic syllable identification-were compared to a method based on phonemic awareness, assisted reading, and other psycholinguistic exercises. The efficacy of the two versions of the subsyllabic method was further studied by repeating the first version twice and the second version three times using an AB design, with each phase lasting approximately 3 months. This part of the study provided not only follow-up data but also useful information on if and how fluency may change after repeated treatment. Outcomes obtained by a total of 63 children with dyslexia suggested that the subsyllabic method was superior to the control method and that the use of an automatic presentation of target syllables produced better results. Furthermore, we observed that fluency improved approximately at the same rate after each treatment repetition. Our data support the possibility of improving reading fluency at a significant clinical level, at least for regular orthographies. The crucial component of the subsyllabic method seems to be the facilitation of syllable recognition within words in connected texts and the emphasis on their rapid recognition using an automatized procedure.  相似文献   

User relevance criteria choices and the information search process     

Arthur Taylor Author Vitae 《Information processing & management》2012,48(1):136-153

Relevance judgments occur within an information search process, where time, context and situation can impact the judgments. The determination of relevance is dependent on a number of factors and variables which include the criteria used to determine relevance. The relevance judgment process and the criteria used to make those judgments are manifestations of the cognitive changes which occur during the information search process.Understanding why these relevance criteria choices are made, and how they vary over the information search process can provide important information about the dynamic relevance judgment process. This information can be used to guide the development of more adaptive information retrieval systems which respond to the cognitive changes of users during the information search process.The research data analyzed here was collected in two separate studies which examined a subject’s relevance judgment over an information search process. Statistical analysis was used to examine these results and determine if there were relationships between criteria selections, relevance judgments, and the subject’s progression through the information search process. Findings confirm and extend findings of previous studies, providing strong statistical evidence of an association between the information search process and the choices of relevance criteria by users, and identifying specific changes in the user preferences for specific criteria over the course of the information search process.  相似文献   

诱惑、耻辱与责任——欧洲18—20世纪关于非婚生儿童父母的立法     

安娜-弗朗索瓦兹·普拉兹  吴蕙仪 《保定学院学报》2012,(1):44-50

16至20世纪,欧洲未婚母亲和非婚生子女的法律地位发生了巨大的变化。最关键的变革发生在19世纪,这一是由于婚外生育的剧增,二是由于人们对贫困、财产、个人权利、国家职责的新思考。许多欧洲国家取消了"认父"程序:从此,只有主动承认亲子关系的父亲才对孩子负有义务,于是这一负担完全落在了女性身上。20世纪初,受女权运动的冲击,不少国家改革了相关立法,斯堪的纳维亚国家走得最远。另一些国家则到20世纪60年代才取消了对未婚母亲及其子女的歧视。在欧洲的宏观背景下考察瑞士的辩论,并特别关注两性间的社会关系。同时,也对瑞士四个村庄司法户籍档案进行案例分析,体味其中的个体境遇,量化法律改革的社会影响。  相似文献   

Discover: Helping teachers to discover the pleasure of learning and teaching     

Claudio Dondi  Michela Moretti 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2007,38(3):519-522

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Intensity,idiosyncratic content and functional impact of performance-related emotions in athletes     

Robazza C  Bortoli L 《Journal of sports sciences》2003,21(3):171-189

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Beyond Section 508: The spectrum of legal requirements for accessible e-government Web sites in the United States     

Paul T. Jaeger ^{Author Vitae} 《Journal of Government Information》2004,30(4):518-533

In the United States, a number of federal laws establish requirements that electronic government (e-government) information and services be accessible to individuals with disabilities. These laws affect e-government Web sites at the federal, state, and local levels. To this point, research about the accessibility of e-government Web sites has tended to focus on compliance with Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act. Though Section 508 has the most specific guidelines regarding Web site accessibility, it is hardly the only law establishing accessibility requirements for e-government Web sites, and Section 508 does not apply to many sites that may be required to be accessible by other laws. Until assessment of the accessibility of e-government Web sites accounts for all of the relevant laws, the understanding of levels of accessibility and compliance will be incomplete. This article examines the entire spectrum of federal laws that create legal requirements for accessible e-government Web sites, analyzing the accessibility requirements that the laws establish and the ways in which each of the laws applies to an e-government Web site. This article also suggests research areas that should be included in future assessments to address the entire range of laws related to the accessibility of e-government Web sites. The issues raised in this article have significant relevance to the design and development of e-government, to the assessment of e-government information and services, and to the inclusion in e-government of the 54 million individuals in the United States with disabilities.  相似文献   

A novel Cervical Spine Protection device for reducing neck injuries in contact sports: design concepts and preliminary in vivo testing*     

Paolo Caravaggi  Alberto Leardini  Claudio Belvedere 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(3):382-394

Abstract

Head and neck injuries are common in contact sports such as American football. Different mechanisms can produce such injuries, including compressive impact forces on the crown of the helmet with the neck in a flexed chin-down position. The aim of this paper was developing and testing a novel Cervical Spine Protection Device (CSPD) designed to keep the neck within its safe physiological range. The cervical spine range of motion (ROM) of ten participants was measured under four conditions: free; wearing a football gear; wearing the CSPD; and wearing the CSPD underneath the gear. The CSPD was tested in terms of passive and active restraint of head motion, and for its capability to improve endurance time of the neck extensor muscles. Wearing the CSPD resulted in a significant 40–60% reduction in ROM across the three anatomical planes, and in increased endurance of the neck extensor muscles (FREE: 114 ± 57 s; CSPD: 214 ± 95 s; p = 0.004). In quasi-static loading conditions the CSPD was capable of keeping the neck within its physiological range, thus it may be used to decrease the risk of severe injuries due to dangerous chin-down positions.  相似文献   

Leisure—A function of museums? The Taiwan perspective     

Yung-Neng Lin Author vitae 《Museum Management and Curatorship》2006,21(4):302-316

The main factor preventing non-visitors from visiting museums is ‘lack of interest’. But the causes of this ‘lack of interest’ are different in Taiwan than in western countries. Taiwanese non-visitors on low incomes are deterred by the strong association of museums with education. They want an experience that will be relaxing, enjoyable and pleasurable, and one which will not require any effort. They do not perceive museums as providing this. Non-visitors want museums to function more obviously as leisure venues that the whole family can actively enjoy. They say museums need to promote themselves as places for exploration and entertainment, as well as for education and learning. If museums wish to attract low-income non-visitors, they must consider how the needs of the non-visiting public can be met.  相似文献   

Philosophy and the museum: An introduction to the special issue     

Beth Lord ^{Author Vitae} 《Museum Management and Curatorship》2006,21(2):79-87

This paper introduces the special issue by explaining the context of the conference at which the papers were originally presented, suggesting some ways of thinking about the intersection of philosophy and museums, and briefly introducing each paper in the collection. In the main body of the paper I look at a recent trend in museum interpretation and argue that it can be understood in terms of a definition of the museum as a space of representation and space of difference. I go on to suggest that this definition allows us to think of the museum as liberating us from certain ways of thinking. The paper as a whole suggests that philosophy can help us to think about museums, and that museums can contribute to philosophical thinking.  相似文献   

Les graphes de flux dans l'enseignement secondaire     

Emma Castelnuovo  Daniela  Claudio Gori-Giorgi 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1974,5(1):467-492

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